diff --git a/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/HorizontalOpening.mo b/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/HorizontalOpening.mo
index e4e33f0bceea443c953c275aa3ec85bad1985fda..8e787dbf7c28251e530af566ba04cac9a058a445 100644
--- a/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/HorizontalOpening.mo
+++ b/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/HorizontalOpening.mo
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ model HorizontalOpening
// User defined parameters
parameter Real Cd = 0.61 "discharge coefficient";
parameter Modelica.SIunits.CrossSection A = 1 "Opening cross section";
- parameter Modelica.SIunits.Diameter Dh = 1 "Hydraulic diameter";
+ parameter Modelica.SIunits.Diameter Dh = sqrt(A) "Hydraulic diameter";
parameter Integer N = 5 "Number discrete layer along the height of the opening";
parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length NotionalLength = 1e-4 "Opening's thickness";
parameter Dynamics massDynamics = Dynamics.SteadyStateInitial "Formulation of mass balance";
@@ -119,64 +119,80 @@ In such a case, the HorizontalOpening is assumed behaves like a VerticalOpening
annotation(defaultComponentName="opening",
Documentation(info = "<html>
<head>
- <title>VerticalOpening</title>
+ <title>HorizontalOpening</title>
</head>
<body lang=\"en-UK\">
<p>
- This components allows to model the mass flow rate through from either static boundary pressure difference or buoyancy effect through a vertical orifice in a wall spliting two ambiances.
+ This components allows to model the mass flow rate through from either static boundary pressure difference or buoyancy effect through a horizontal orifice in a wall spliting two ambiances.
</p>
<p>
To be considered as an orifice, the depth of the hole in the wall has to remain bellow the hydrodynamic entrance region (Distance between the entrance of the hole and the position where the dynamic boundary layers meet).
- In that case and due to visquous and inertial forces, the current line is not at right angles to the opening but curved.
- The flow is constricted in the orifice. Consequently, the cross-section of the fluid is not equal to the geometric section of the orifice.
- the ratio between the fluid passage section and the geometric section is called the discharge coefficient.
- It is assumed to be constant and therefore independent of the flow regime.
</p>
- <p>
- The orifice is split in <b>N</b> number of layers along the vertical axis over an height of the fluid stream. Because of the narrowing of the passage section, the height considered for the fluid stream is not the geometric height but the distance between the lowest and highest current line. For a rectangular opening, the relation derives:
- </p>
-
+ <p>
+ To compute the mass flow rate throught the opening, the Newton's laws of motion is applied between the inlet and the outlet of the opening. It is assumed full conversion of potential energy (static pressure) to kinetic energy (dynamique pressure) at steady state.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ The static pressure from nodes are corrected from the altitude difference between the boundary node and the opening.
+ </p>
+
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening1.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening1.PNG\"
/>
<p>
- The pressure difference for the layer <b>i</b> derives (index 1 refers to the top of the opening):
- </p>
+ To take account of buoyancy when the density of the bottom node is lower than at the top, the opening is assumed behaves like a vertical opening where its heigh is equal to the hydraulic diameter <b> Dh </b>. Therefore, the orifice is split in <b>N</b> number of layers. The static pressure is corrected from an hydrostatic pressure:
+ </p>
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening2.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_HorizontalOpening1.PNG\"
/>
-
+
<p>
- In the flow, all the boundary pressure difference (from static pressure or buoyancy) is converted in kinetic energy.
- </p>
-
+ As a reminder, the pressure drop is equal to the dynamic pressure. It is equivalent to have a pressure loss factor equation to one.
+ </p>
+
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening3.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening3.PNG\"
/>
-
+
<p>
- It is equivalent to have a pressure loss factor equation to one.
- </p>
+ The second Newton's law of motion derives:
+ </p>
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening4.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening4.PNG\"
/>
<p>
- The Fundamental principle of the dynamics derives:
+ If <b> massDynamics = Dynamics.SteadyState </b> the inertial term is removed thus set to 0
</p>
-
+
+ <p>
+ To take account of the visquous and inertial forces that participates to curve the current lines from the inlet to the outlet, a discharge coefficient Cd is used. It is assumed to be constant and therefore independent of the flow regime.
+ </p>
+
+ <img
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening5_Cc.PNG\"
+ />
+ <br>
+ <img
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening6_Cv.PNG\"
+ />
+ <br>
+ <img
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening7_Cd.PNG\"
+ />
+
<p>
Therefore, the relation to compute mass flow rate through the orifice derives:
</p>
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening5.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening8.PNG\"
/>
<p>
diff --git a/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/Opening.mo b/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/Opening.mo
index 3d78f08551fed814a6777b5c138acd4e0bc704bd..e29f67cefc956ea89a81ef8e9e4c6e07dbb2f18d 100644
--- a/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/Opening.mo
+++ b/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/Opening.mo
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ equation
annotation(defaultComponentName="opening",
Documentation(info = "<html>
<head>
- <title>VerticalOpening</title>
+ <title>Opening</title>
</head>
<body lang=\"en-UK\">
@@ -125,54 +125,70 @@ Documentation(info = "<html>
<p>
To be considered as an orifice, the depth of the hole in the wall has to remain bellow the hydrodynamic entrance region (Distance between the entrance of the hole and the position where the dynamic boundary layers meet).
- In that case and due to visquous and inertial forces, the current line is not at right angles to the opening but curved.
- The flow is constricted in the orifice. Consequently, the cross-section of the fluid is not equal to the geometric section of the orifice.
- the ratio between the fluid passage section and the geometric section is called the discharge coefficient.
- It is assumed to be constant and therefore independent of the flow regime.
</p>
- <p>
- The orifice is split in <b>N</b> number of layers along the vertical axis over an height of the fluid stream. Because of the narrowing of the passage section, the height considered for the fluid stream is not the geometric height but the distance between the lowest and highest current line. For a rectangular opening, the relation derives:
- </p>
-
+ <p>
+ To compute the mass flow rate throught the opening, the Newton's laws of motion is applied between the inlet and the outlet of the opening. It is assumed full conversion of potential energy (static pressure) to kinetic energy (dynamique pressure) at steady state.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ The static pressure from nodes are corrected from the altitude difference between the boundary node and the opening.
+ </p>
+
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening1.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening1.PNG\"
/>
<p>
- The pressure difference for the layer <b>i</b> derives (index 1 refers to the top of the opening):
- </p>
+ To take account of buoyancy, the orifice is split in <b>N</b> number of layers along the vertical axis over an height. The static pressure is corrected from the hydrostatic pressure:
+ </p>
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening2.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening2.PNG\"
/>
-
+
<p>
- In the flow, all the boundary pressure difference (from static pressure or buoyancy) is converted in kinetic energy.
- </p>
-
+ As a reminder, the pressure drop is equal to the dynamic pressure. It is equivalent to have a pressure loss factor equation to one.
+ </p>
+
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening3.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening3.PNG\"
/>
-
+
<p>
- It is equivalent to have a pressure loss factor equation to one.
- </p>
+ The second Newton's law of motion derives:
+ </p>
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening4.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening4.PNG\"
/>
<p>
- The Fundamental principle of the dynamics derives:
+ If <b> massDynamics = Dynamics.SteadyState </b> the inertial term is removed thus set to 0
</p>
-
+
+ <p>
+ To take account of the visquous and inertial forces that participates to curve the current lines from the inlet to the outlet, a discharge coefficient Cd is used. It is assumed to be constant and therefore independent of the flow regime.
+ </p>
+
+ <img
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening5_Cc.PNG\"
+ />
+ <br>
+ <img
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening6_Cv.PNG\"
+ />
+ <br>
+ <img
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening7_Cd.PNG\"
+ />
+
<p>
Therefore, the relation to compute mass flow rate through the orifice derives:
</p>
<img
- src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_VerticalOpening5.PNG\"
+ src=\"modelica://TAeZoSysPro/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_Opening8.PNG\"
/>
<p>
diff --git a/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/package.order b/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/package.order
index 141dda901ab620ef8847280b060c971d9ea6adca..8f428a126ab065ef4d8d3e0e3b048979ffd9f83b 100644
--- a/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/package.order
+++ b/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/package.order
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
Opening
-SimpleOpeningComp
HorizontalOpening
+SimpleOpeningComp
diff --git a/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_HorizontalOpening1.PNG b/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_HorizontalOpening1.PNG
index 7d76ab7cbd41b525db802ea24471db51dc095c41..20c0db798ab700fd9e6aa55cc4c917f39e13b154 100644
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diff --git a/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_HorizontalOpening2.PNG b/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_HorizontalOpening2.PNG
deleted file mode 100644
index fd8d6bc8698221847ad4745614da1d7fc68ac11c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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diff --git a/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_HorizontalOpening3.PNG b/Information/FluidDynamics/Components/Orifices/EQ_HorizontalOpening3.PNG
deleted file mode 100644
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deleted file mode 100644
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deleted file mode 100644
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deleted file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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new file mode 100644
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